3S技术在古日格斯台自然保护区研究中的应用

利用"3S"技术对古日格斯台自然保护区植被类型的空间分布进行了分析,绘制了古日格斯台自然保护区植被图,讨论了其生态多样性和脆弱性,以此作为植被监测与管理的依据,进而对古日格斯台自然保护区的植被进行有效的保护.     

准确测定高锰酸盐指数考核样的方法

根据长期的实际操作经验，要准确测定高锰酸盐指数值，在样品分析中，水浴时间不能少于35min；K值在0．980-1．010；滴定时温度保持在70℃。以提高测定结果的准确度。     

Biogenic VOCs emission inventory development of temperate grassland vegetation in Xilin River basin, Inner Mongolia, China

Given the key role of biogenic volatile organic compounds(VOCs) to tropospheric chemistry and regional air quality, it is important to generate accurateVOCs emission inventories. However, only a less fraction of plant species, in temperate grassland of Inner Mongolia, has been characterized by quantitative measurements. A taxonomic methodology, which assigns VOCs measurements to unmeasured species, is an applicable and inexpensive alternation for extensive VOCs emission survey, although data are needed for additional plant families and genera to further validate the taxonomic approach in grassland vegetation. In this experiment, VOCs emission rates of 178 plant species were measured with a portable photoionization detector( PID). The results showed the most of genera and some families have consistent feature of their VOCs emission, especially for isoprene, and provide the basic premise of taxonomic methodology to develop VOCs emission inventories for temperate grassland. Then, the taxonomic methodology was introduced into assigning emission rate to other 96 species, which no measured emission rates available here. A systematical emission inventory of temperate grassland vegetation in Inner Mongolia was provided and further evidence that taxonomy relationship can serve as a useful guide for generalizing the emissions behavior of many, but not all, plant families and genera to grassland vegetation.     

Vegetation patterns and nature reserve construction in an extremely-arid desert in Anxi,NW China's Gansu Province

Anxi County is located in the northwestern part of the Hexi Corridor in gansu Province and has the sole national level nature reserve of extremely-arid desert in China.Phytosociological methods (Braun-Blanquet,1964) are used to classify plant community types in this area.Eleven are disting uished,including six of deserts,four of oases and one transitional type between deserts and oases.Direct gradient analysis (DCA) is employed to correlate the distribution of plant communities to physiogeographic conditions.This study makes clear that water is the most important ecological factor for the distribution of plant species and communities in this area.The effects of water have been demonstrated in different ways.A vegetation gradient from lower altitude to higher altitude in the southern part of the reserve is driven by a precipitation gradient.The effects of the depth of ground water table contribute to the differentiation of vegetation from desert to oasis in the flat area.In a finer scale,the washed gullies have obviously higher species richness and also higher vegetation cover than the surround gobi surfaces,possibly caused by the effects of floods.The vegetation patterns demonstrate that the area of Anxi County is a complete landscape unit.The range of the current nature reserve is not large enough for the purpose of conserving the unique biodiversity in this area.     

三峡库区长江水位变化条件下滑坡稳定性二元指标体系研究

安全系数是边坡稳定性评价中的常用方法,在长期的工程实践中积累了丰富的经验,其最大的缺点是不能考虑边坡岩土体中实际存在的不确定性。可靠性理论可有效地考虑边坡系统内实际存在的不确定性和相关性,但是缺乏丰富的工程实践经验,因此,将工程实践经验丰富的安全系数与先进的可靠性理论相结合,建立安全系数与可靠性相耦合的二元评价体系具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。以巴东县东壤口镇宋家屋场滑坡为实例,计算了长江水位从135 m至175 m变化过程中的平均安全系数(最大可能安全系数)和相应的可靠性。将最大可能安全系数与边坡可靠性相乘,对最大可能安全系数进行折减,得到边坡可靠的安全系数。设折减后安全系数的临界值为1．05,由此计算出不同最大可能安全系数的临界变异系数和临界破坏概率。根据不同的最大可能安全系数及它的临界破坏概率,绘制出边坡稳定性分区图。用均值安全系数和可靠性二元指标对宋家屋场滑坡的稳定性进行了评价,结果是可靠的安全系数为1．068,略大于临界值,处于基本稳定状态。文中论述了边坡稳定性二元指标体系的建立方法。     

西宁盐碱地区高速公路植被恢复技术探讨

西宁至马场垣高速公路穿越的地区属于生态脆弱带。与其他生态脆弱区不同的是，其土壤中盐分的含量非常高，土壤碱性强，它不仅导致植物的生理干旱，还对植物细胞产生毒害作用，不良的植被恢复措施也加重其危害程度。为减轻盐碱的危害需要采取相应的措施如筛选适宜植物、农业灌溉、化学及其它措施，可以减轻危害恢复植被。     

城市型生态社区可持续发展评价指标体系的初步研究

近年来,城市化发展带动了社区建设的蒸蒸日上,同时也带来了环境资源的快速消耗及一系列的环境污染问题,生态社区的建设受到人们的广泛关注,可持续发展的理念已经渗透到人类社区建设发展的各个方面.通过对城市型生态社区内涵的分析,探讨了城市型生态社区可持续发展评价指标体系的构建原则,在该原则指导下结合苏州市区域特征采用层次分析法建立了与之相应的评价指标体系,并在该基础上以指标体系中的生态建筑子系统为例对其做出详细的指标说明.     

矿区复合生态系统中土壤演替和植被演替的相互影响

在讨论矿区复合生态系统涵义的基础上，以平朔安太堡露天煤矿为例，探讨了大型露天矿区复合生态系统演替与原生态系统演替的不同，即露天矿区复合生态系统演替极大地受着社会--经济--自然三方面的控制，在演替过程中土壤演替与植被演替相互影响、相互协调，共同作用了矿区复合生态系统。同时，还阐述了进行矿区生态重建的两大关键措施：生态环境建设和群落建设。     

苹果角质层的组分特征及其对甲萘酚的吸附作用

为能够准确预测有机污染物在植物角质层上的吸附行为,用化学方法(脱蜡、皂化、酸解)分离得到7种苹果角质层组分,探讨了角质组分对甲萘酚的吸附特征及其与结构组成之间的关系.结果表明.苹果角质层由44.7%蜡质、34.6%角质单体、13.6%糖类、7.5%生物高聚物(cutan)组成,脱蜡、皂化脱角质单体后角质组分的极性指数((O N)/C)增大,而酸解脱糖后(O N)/C则减小.角质层组分对甲萘酚的等温吸附曲线均呈非线性(N=0.551～0.918),而高浓度时的等温吸附曲线则呈线性,表明植物角质与有机物的相互作用除了分配作用之外,还存在其它的特殊作用.苹果角质层(ACI)对甲萘酚的吸附系数(Knc)为442,脱蜡、脱糖后角质组分的KDC.值增大,而脱角质单体后Kuc值则大大减小,表明角质单体是主要的吸附介质;蜡质、角质单体、糖类组分对角质层吸附行为的影响存在交互作用.角质组分的Koc值随其(O N)/C变化出现"峰值",意味着甲萘酚与角质组分之间的相互作用存在最佳的极性匹配.     

大型底栖动物污染指数(MPI)

根据2000年至2002年在深圳湾、厦门西海域、罗源湾、兴化湾潮间带和潮下带获得的85个取样站次大型底栖动物数据，参考丰度生物量比较法(ABC)，建立了评价海洋环境质量的大型底栖动物污染指数(MPI)．MPI的计算式是：MPI=10^(2 k)[∑(Ai—Bi)]/S^1 k，式中Ai和Bi分别是密度和生物量优势度大小顺序的第i个累积百分优势度的数值，S为采集到的物种数，K为常数，K=|∑(Ai-Bi)|/∑(Ai-Bi)，当∑(Ai—Bi)为正数时，K=1:∑(Ai-Bi)为负数时，K=-1．MPI越小。沉积环境越清洁．反之，污染越严重．MPI的优点是实现ABC法的数字化，而且反应灵敏，评价结果比种类多样性指数(H)更符合实际．